Pathology: Horizontal atrophy

Use of 2.5 mm diameter implants to restore areas with horizontal bone atrophy, avoiding the need for prior bone regeneration procedures.

Description

A 76-year-old woman with complete edentulism in both jaws was wearing removable prostheses with aesthetic and functional limitations. Clinical assessment and CBCT imaging revealed severe bone atrophy, predominantly horizontal in the maxilla and combined horizontal and vertical in the mandible, with markedly reduced available bone height in the posterior regions.

Implant-supported restoration of both jaws was planned, prioritising the use of residual bone and avoiding complex reconstructive procedures. In the maxilla, strategic use of implants with a 2.5 mm diameter and a 2.5 mm platform allowed direct implant placement in the areas with the greatest horizontal atrophy, without prior bone regeneration. These were combined with short implants in the posterior regions to accommodate the limited available bone height.

Following placement of the 2.5 mm implants, simultaneous buccal bone overaugmentation was performed using particulate autologous bone collected during drilling, combined with PRGF - ENDORET® and a thin layer of bovine hydroxyapatite. This technique optimised peri-implant bone volume and soft tissue support without extensive prior bone regeneration procedures.

The maxillary implants were managed using a two-stage protocol, followed by a progressive-loading prosthesis and a definitive splinted restoration, both screw-retained on multiple transepithelial abutments (MULTI-IM®).

Implant/product specifications

  • Position 21: 2.5 × 8.5 mm internal-connection implant with a 2.5 mm platform.
  • Position 22: 2.5 × 7.5 mm internal-connection implant with a 2.5 mm platform.
  • Position 23: 2.5 × 7.5 mm internal-connection implant with a 2.5 mm platform.
  • Position 11: 2.5 × 8.5 mm internal-connection implant with a 2.5 mm platform.
  • Position 13: 2.5 × 8.5 mm internal-connection implant with a 2.5 mm platform.
  • Position 14: 2.5 × 8.5 mm internal-connection implant with a 2.5 mm platform.
  • The entire restoration was fitted on MULTI-IM® abutments.

Progress / Outcome

The 2.5 mm implants supported the anterior segment of the fixed restoration, making use of the residual bone volume. At the one-year follow-up, the implants and restoration were clinically and radiographically stable, with no bone loss or complications. The entire restoration was fitted on MULTI-IM® abutments.

Final outcome

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After

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